Winter was not a time of hibernation for the Quechee DEI Council. Several events kept the Quechee community awake, aware, and informed.
Mobocracy and Abolitionism in New Hampshire and Vermont
On January 28, the Council hosted Dan Billin, a New Hampshire historian and former news reporter, who spoke on “Mobocracy and Abolitionism in New Hampshire and Vermont.” Billin began his talk by reminding the audience how important it is “to keep DEI going in these times.”
Billin enumerated how racism was not a “Southern” issue, because slavery divided northerners from each other, as well. There was, he said, a wave of lawlessness in the 1830s throughout the country, and violence erupted against Catholics, Irish, and other minorities, but especially against Blacks. Lynchings were rampant, and there was a huge backlash against any abolitionist movements. The Upper Valley was hardly spared the violence. Woodstock, in fact, witnessed much racist violence. Abolitionist and Baptist minister Orson Murray was so threatened by racist mobs that he was unable to deliver a speech there.
Perhaps one of the most unfathomable events of the 1830s racism was the movement of an entire school of higher learning. In 1835, abolitionists founded Noyes Academy in Canaan, New Hampshire, as a racially integrated school that also admitted women. The school opened in March of 1835, with seventeen African American students and twenty-eight white students. While the white students were from the local area, the Black students traveled far to attend. Several future and renowned abolitionists, such as Henry Highland Garnet, Julia Williams, and Alexander Crummell were among its first— and last — class. On July 4, 1835, only months after its inception, the townspeople of Canaan plotted the removal of Noyes Academy. On August 10, 1835, hundreds of white people, with hundreds of oxen, destroyed the school as they dragged it to the town common. Students had fled the night before.
In 1838, Abraham Lincoln gave a speech to the Young Men’s Lyceum in Springfield, Illinois, and issued “a stark rebuke to the to the dangers of mob violence and an enduring defense of the rule of law.” In that speech, Lincoln warned against “outrages committed by mobs … from New England to Louisiana.” Lincoln’s urgent response to the violence of “this mobocratic spirit” was for “every lover of liberty” to revive the laws of the nation.
Letters from Anne and Martin
Undeterred by winter, on February 22, 2026, the DEI Council hosted another free event for the community: Letters from Anne and Martin, a production of the Anne Frank Center, USA. Actors Julie Sandler as Anne Frank and Andrew Tejada as Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., with moderator Deb Radloff, brought together dual monologues reflecting on confinement and injustice. Integrating excerpts from MLK’s Letter from Birmingham Jail with Anne Frank’s diary, the performers brought to life both writers’ impassioned pleas for hope, resistance, and justice.
In the after talk with the audience (ninety attended in person and twelve remote), the actors shared their own reactions to this profound re-enactment of the written words. Julie Sandler said, “Anne didn’t know what her end would be … activism is important even if we might not know where it will go … her diary ends with her thinking people want to be good.” Andrew Tejada reminded the audience that MLK and Anne Frank believed that “more people want to love than hate.”
Perhaps we can all reflect on Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.’s words to keep us keeping on: “Darkness cannot drive out darkness, only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate; only Love can do that.”
Courageous Conversations
The DEI’s Courageous Conversations continued its book discussions for anyone interested, in person or remotely.
March and April discussions focused on the recently published book How Equality Wins: A New Vision for an Inclusive America by Kenji Yoshino and David Glasgow. A book to be read by both the “DEI orthodox” and the “DEI non-believers,” the authors create bridges of communication to stem the flood of polarization. They look, for example, to Sarah McBride, the first openly transgender member of Congress who allows for “imperfect allies.” Her pragmatic point is to get support where possible for “basic nondiscrimination protections” and for access to “medically necessary care.” Supporters needed for these measures “may oppose trans-people in participating in sports.” Be that as it may, McBride does not “dismiss them as bigots or remove them from our coalition.”
The authors urge equality advocates to make space for dialog with allies and doubters in order to hear their concerns. They agree with human rights advocate Suzanne Nossel who writes in her book, Dare to Speak: Defending Free Speech for All, “concerns of diversity and inclusion can — and must — be reconciled with robust protections for speech.” While those concerned for diversity and inclusion worry about how speech can harm members of marginalized groups, those whose concerns are about free speech worry about stifling of “authentic self-expression.” Yet Nossel’s point (and the authors’) is that speech and equality most often work together. Speaking inclusively can make it possible for everyone to be heard. Yoshino and Glasgow assert the “marriage between equality and free speech needs to become a rallying cry for the new era of equality work.” The attorney authors remind us that changing unjust laws can be a long process. Thurgood Marshall led the way in how to pragmatically overturn the Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision that said segregated schools were separate but equal. He did this little by little, with stepping stone cases that showed how wrong this decision was.
There is no room for cynicism in the path toward justice. Yoshino and Glasgow exhort us not to collapse into fatalism but to follow Dr King’s words: “accept finite disappointment but never lose infinite hope.”
Upcoming Activities
Abenaki Garden
Earl Hatley, who has been a major creator of the Abenaki Garden, reports there was a successful community fundraiser last fall, which will help defray the cost of maintaining the garden. There will be new plantings of pawpaw and butternut trees, wild plum, ground nuts, service berries, and guild plants. There are also plans for more varieties of the “three sisters” (corn, beans, and squash), sunflowers, ground cherries, sunchokes, and bush beans. “Provided the woodchuck stays out of the way, we should have a plentiful harvest to feed our needy Abenaki families, and continue building our stock of seeds for future giveaways. … This is a community effort to help Abenaki feed Abenaki while teaching our agricultural and cultural practices and history,” said Hatley.
For more information and/or to sign up for work day announcements and updates go to AbenakiGarden.org.
Annual Frederick Douglass Fourth of July speech
On July 4, 2026, the DEI Council, in partnership with the Quechee Library, will present its annual reading of Frederick Douglass’ speech “What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?” at the gazebo on the Quechee Green. Kent and Amy Hikida attended this even last year, and Kent noted how moving the reading was. The reading on the Green led Kent to bring the production of Letters from Anne and Martin to Quechee!
This year’s event will include the presentation of a $1,000 scholarship to the winner of the Declaration of Interdependence Essay contest. Sponsored by the Quechee DEI Council and the Quechee Library, the scholarship competition invites Hartford High School juniors and seniors to reflect on what freedom, responsibility, and civic life mean today. Students are asked to create their own Declaration of Interdependence “that shows how your voice, talents, and actions can help shape the future of democracy.”

























![The Quechee DEI Council continues its commitment to educating and bringing awareness to the community on matters of diversity, equity and inclusion. This spring, the council hosted Xusana Davis, the State of Vermont’s Executive Director of Racial Equity, as well as Shalini Suryanarayana, the Director of Education & Outreach at that same office. Xusana Davis holds a Juris Doctor with a concentration in International Human Rights Law. Prior to her appointment as Executive Director by Governor Phil Scott in 2019, Xusana led the Health & Housing Strategic Initiatives at the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. She was also Director of the Black, Latino, and Asian Caucus of the New York City Council. Here in Vermont, Xusana engages with state agencies to address and identify systemic racial disparities and provides strategic and policy guidance on issues of equity. Shalini Suryanarayana’s academic credentials include mechanical engineering, industrial management and an MBA in business. From those disciplines, she branched out into DEI graduate certifications from Cornell and Stanford University (in progress). Her work has her interacting with communities throughout Vermont. She aids state and local leaders, she says, to “apply an equity lens to their work through education and close communication.” Ah, equity! “What is equity?” you may ask. Equity is not the same as equality. While equality focuses on sameness, equity focuses on fairness. With equality, everyone is treated the same, receiving equal resources and opportunities. But equality does not account for different needs. Equity accounts for various people (individuals and groups) having different circumstances and needing differing resources. To have equality, we must first acknowledge equity. Imagine a classroom where all the students are provided with books to read. However, one child is blind; another child has hearing difficulties; another child is just learning English. Yes, all these children are provided with books equally, but not equitably. The company, Recite Me, educates various organizations on how to serve communities online with equity and accessibility. Their analogy for equity vs equality is this: a group of differing heights is trying to watch a sporting event over a fence. Equality is giving each person the same size box to stand on. Equity would provide each person a box of appropriate height so that all could see equally well! Glenn Harris, president of the organization Race Forward, says, “Racial equity is about applying justice and a little bit of common sense to a system that’s been out of balance. When a system is out of balance, people of color feel the impacts most acutely, but to be clear, an imbalanced system makes all of us pay.” Shalini reminds us that addressing equity is an ongoing process that doesn’t end with a few hours of training. Since systemic issues have persisted over centuries, DEI requires continuous effort as an antidote to the Dunning-Kruger effect. According to the Dunning-Kruger effect, people can overestimate their abilities and knowledge, particularly in new areas, which can lead to a false sense of expertise. To counteract this effect, Shalini advises learning more in lieu of false confidence. Shalini also discussed the concept of implicit (unconscious) bias. To assess a barrage of information, our brains take shortcuts by relying on existing pairings. This can lead to biased perceptions. Project Implicit (www.ProjectImplicit.net) was founded in 1998 as a cooperative endeavor among several universities to educate the public about bias. We may have an implicit attitude that we might think we don’t have. One riddle often told to highlight this is: a father and son are in an accident; the father dies and the son is taken to the ER and needs surgery. The surgeon says, “I can’t operate on this child, he is my son.” With implicit gender bias, one might assume the surgeon should be male. In fact, the answer is the surgeon is the child’s mother. To check out your own implicit biases on any number of issues, from race and ethnicity to gender, you can take various online tests. (See implicit.harvard.edu.) How are these implicit biases formed? Shalini discussed how implicit biases begin early on in childhood development. I know my growing up in the early 1950s was rife with stereotypes. Children’s books featured white children whose mommies wore dresses and cooked and cleaned and whose daddies came home to a hot meal. Nurses were female; doctors were male. We may look at parental attitudes, too! If parents carry implicit biases from their upbringing, they need to become informed, as well. Are racial and other stereotypes being formed by the school, media, or home environment? Who has not seen on TV or heard in the news that after a huge natural disaster such as a flood, there is looting and crime. And, of course, the footage is often of people of color. Retired Army lieutenant general Russel Luke Honoré helped with the military response to Hurricane Katrina. When survivors scavenged for food and supplies, he notes “That’s not looting, that’s survival mode.” (Ross and Lowry, Washington Post, September 1, 2017) Instead of recognizing their own implicit bias, news media exacerbate the stereotyped perceptions of racial bias. Honoré reminds us, “There’s a bias at play. People think that if you’re poor or black, you’re always trying to steal something. … These warnings about looting validate the stereotypes that people hold about poor people.” I myself wouldn’t think twice to break into a flooded grocery store if my children hadn’t eaten for days or my infant needed diapers! How about you? Racial disparities and biases are no stranger to bucolic Vermont. Shalini cited data that show racial disparities in Vermont arrest rates, depression, home ownership, and income. She referred to a report published in the Vermont Digger on May 8, 2025. It shows that “Black and Hispanic drivers continue to be stopped disproportionately across Vermont. This traffic study was commissioned by the Vermont State Police’s Fair and Impartial Policy Committee. There was an uptick of stopping Asian drivers, as well. “Pretextual stops” are the crux of the issue. Law enforcement has great leeway on who gets stopped and then who gets cited. “The pretextual traffic stop occurs when an officer stops a vehicle for a minor infraction [e.g., a broken tail light]. Then the officer goes further searching for illegal behavior [e.g., drugs]. These stops target, most frequently, people of color, “due to negative stereotypes that have proven to be inaccurate, according to the researchers.” This behavior should not be rationalized away by considering how Vermont is predominantly white and “inexperienced” with people of color! Jay Craven, writer and producer of the movie Lost Nation, reminds us that, in fact, Vermont has always been racially diverse. His film recounts the story of the Prince family, Blacks who were Vermonters alongside Ethan Allen. Lost Nation was shown at the Quechee Club on June 11, 2025, to a sold-out audience. The Prince family’s struggle for land and freedom intersected with Ethan Allen’s similar pursuits. Jay Craven believes that people may be drawn to the movie’s rendering of Ethan Allen. But it is Lucy Terry Prince as the first African American poet and defender of her family’s rights, repeatedly in court, who shines as a woman of persistence and integrity. Jay Craven notes, “Vermont in particular needs to experience its racial past.” Lost Nation’s depiction of Lucy Prince certainly is one path for that. Craven’s first encounter with Lucy Prince was in an interview with Gretchen Holbrook Gerzina, author of Mr. and Mrs. Prince: How an Extraordinary Eighteenth-Century Family Moved out of Slavery and into Legend. (As an aside, note that Gerzina is an alumna of Marlboro College where Craven has been a professor of film studies.) Craven did note how Lucy’s relationship with Native Americans may have evolved over time and he touches on this in Lost Nation. Lucy, as a teenager, wrote the poem “Bar’s Fight” about an “Indian ambush” she witnessed. Craven depicts her meeting a Native American woman while washing clothes in a lake. Theirs may have been an uneasy recognition of each other. Eventually, Craven would like to create a six-part series that would include indigenous history. Right here in Quechee, there is an active recognition of Native American Abenaki culture. The Abenaki Garden is flourishing and is a living reminder of the Abenakis whose land this is. Upcoming events at the garden include a public event and tour on August 14, 2025. An open house is planned for August 30, 10am – noon. This event is part of the Hartford 250th commemoration. (See hartfordvthistory.com.). Earl Hatley, of the Abenaki Nation of Missisquoi, tends the garden regularly and is working on protecting the sunflowers and gourds from busy woodchucks, as he recently noted. Earl is looking forward to planting plum trees and ground nuts. After visiting the Abenaki Garden or volunteering there, another activity to consider is Ellen Bettmann’s ongoing discussions, “Necessary Conversations About Race” which will resume in September. This past year her Zoom discussion group focused on various movies, such as “To Kill a Mockingbird” and James Baldwin’s “I Am Not Your Negro.” This fall, Ellen’s theme is how racism manifests itself in various arenas, such as health, housing, education, etc. Ellen is impressed with QLLA’s DEI Council, saying it’s “fantastic!” Another past event that is held annually is the reading on the Quechee Green of “The Meaning of the Fourth of July for the Negro.” This is Frederick Douglass’s speech delivered in Rochester, NY, on July 5, 1852. If you’ve never read this speech or heard it spoken, please consider doing so – even before next July 5, 2026! (Search for “Frederick Douglass July 4” to find many renderings of this speech.) Douglass describes how, after Congress nationalized slavery in all the states, Black Americans, who had been free, were “hunted down and, without a moment’s warning, hurried away in chains and consigned to slavery and excruciating torture. Some of these have had wives and children, dependent on them for bread; but of this, no account was made. The right of the hunter to his prey stands superior to the right of marriage, and to all rights in this republic, the rights of God included!” Nevertheless, Frederick Douglass ends with hopeful words and he doesn’t despair… “That day will come all feuds to end and change into a faithful friend each foe.” Vermont state senator Joe Major was the emcee of the Quechee event and he, too, holds hope. He notes, “It’s dark for us but there is always hope. We had the Civil War, then reconstruction. Something sets us back but then we bounce back. The cycles come but there is always hope.” Attending as a member of the Quechee Library Trustees (a co-sponsor of the event), Debbie Marcus said “This community reading … was stunning and powerful in ways I did not expect. The speech … was completely astonishing and relevant to America today. As I looked around at the participants assembled at the Quechee Green Gazebo, I saw heads shake, eyes raised skyward, and heads in hands, as Douglass’ powerful words resonated around us. I am struck by how much Americans and American Institutions continue to struggle daily with issues of race, diversity, and inclusion despite our reverence to the opening lines of the Declaration of Independence. I will be back next year for this event.”](https://quecheetimes.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/DEI-cover.jpg)















